Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae (
Latin for "partition of the lands of the Roman [Byzantine] Empire") was a treaty signed after the
sack of the
Byzantine capital,
Constantinople, by the
Fourth Crusade in 1204. It established the
Latin Empire and arranged the partition of the Byzantine territory among the participants of the Crusade, with the
Republic of Venice being the greatest beneficiary.
The treaty, which was promulgated either in late September/early October 1204 or (according to
Nikolaos Oikonomides) immediately after the sack in April–May 1204, was drafted by a 24-man committee consisting of 12 Venetians and 12 representatives of the other Crusader leaders. It gave the Latin Emperor direct control of one fourth of the Byzantine territory, to Venice three eighths – including three eighths of the city of Constantinople, with
Hagia Sophia – and the remaining three eighths were apportioned among the remaining Crusader chiefs. Through this division, Venice became the chief power in Latin Romania, and the effective power behind the Latin Empire, a fact clearly illustrated by the lofty title its
Doge acquired:
Dominator quartae et dimidiae partis totius Romanius ("Lord of a quarter and a half quarter of all the Roman Empire").
The
Partitio Romaniae initiated the period of
Greek history known as
Frankokratia or
Latinokratia, where Catholic West European nobles, mostly from France and Italy, established states on former Byzantine territory and ruled over the mostly Orthodox native
Byzantine Greeks.
As the division was based on documents and tax registers from the Byzantine imperial chancery, the
Partitio Romaniae is a valuable document for the possessions of the various Byzantine magnate families ca. 1203, as well as the areas still controlled by the Byzantine central government at the time.